Abstract: Combined with mining history and current antimony pollution status of Xunyang City, the distribution patterns and influencing factors of antimony in the surface water of the Shu River Basin are studied in this paper. Through analysis and investigation on the distribution of trace heavy metal antimony in 22 monitoring sections of the Shu River mainstream and primary tributaries, the spatial distribution characteristics, main pollution sources of antimony, and correlation among various indicators are clarified. The results indicate that there are significant regional differences in antimony concentrations in the surface water of the Shu River Basin. The antimony concentrations in the surrounding water bodies of the mining area have significantly increased, with higher values in upstream reaches than downstream reaches. Seasonal changes also have a significant impact on the distribution of antimony, with higher concentrations during the wet season than those during the dry season. The special geological background, external inputs driven by rainfall, dilution effects, and hydrodynamic conditions are the main factors affecting the distribution of antimony.